Adverse Effects of Meditation: Systematic Review Highlights Risks

Meditation and mindfulness are widely recommended for mental wellbeing, stress reduction, and as therapeutic tools. Yet, a systematic review led by Dr Miguel Farias at Coventry University shows that these practices are not universally beneficial.

Analysing 83 studies, the review found that 55 reported at least one meditation adverse event (MAE). Approximately 8% of practitioners experienced negative effects, which could occur even in people without prior mental health issues.

Common Adverse Effects

The review identified the most frequently reported MAEs:

• Anxiety: 33% of reported adverse events
• Depression: 27%
• Cognitive anomalies: 25%
• Less common effects: gastrointestinal problems and suicidal behaviours (both 11%)

These findings demonstrate that meditation, while highly beneficial for many, can sometimes cause psychological or physiological challenges.

Implications for Practitioners and Clinicians

The study emphasises the importance of awareness and guidance:

• Inform participants: Practitioners should be aware of potential adverse effects.
• Ethical duty: Meditation instructors and programme developers must communicate the prevalence of MAEs.
• Clinical trials and therapy: Consent forms should acknowledge possible negative outcomes.
  

Conclusion

Meditation and mindfulness remain powerful tools for wellbeing and personal growth. However, this systematic review highlights the need for careful practice, proper guidance, and monitoring to reduce potential risks. Awareness of possible adverse effects ensures safer, more balanced engagement with meditation.